The chest wall, an area of critical importance for the functioning of the respiratory system, can be affected by various painful syndromes that disrupt the daily life of patients. These include Tietze syndrome, slipping rib syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, Chest wall pain syndrome (CWPS), cervical and thoracic zygopophyseal joint arthropathy, acute herpes zoster, and musculoskeletal chest wall pain (MCWP).   Understanding the etiology and management of these conditions is critical to effective treatment and improving patients' quality of life. In particular, the musculoskeletal causes of pain in the chest wall are divided into more common ones, such as costochondritis, Slipped rib syndrome, pain from the thoracic spine and sternalis syndrome (sternal muscle denervation pain syndrome), and less common ones such as, Tietze syndrome, xiphoidalgia but also traumatic such as heavy fractures.   In terms of rheumatic diseases, more common causes include fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (including ankylosing spondylitis) and psoriatic arthritis. Less common causes include sternoclavicular joint hyperostosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, septic arthritis of the chest wall, and relapsing polychondritis. Finally, non-rheumatic systemic causes include osteoporotic fractures, neoplasms, pathologic fractures, bone pain, and rarely sickle cell disease.   The management of these syndromes requires a multidimensional approach that may include medication, physical therapy, lifestyle changes and, in some cases, surgery and always in conjunction with the respective specialties such as Neurologist, rheumatologist, hematologist, endocrinologist, orthopedist, etc. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary for atreatment of specific anatomical abnormalities or to remove neoplasms that cause pain.   Prevention is also key, as informing patients about the causes and risk factors can help them avoid activities that may worsen existing symptoms or cause new conditions.