{"id":8342,"date":"2024-06-19T14:31:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T11:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/?p=8342"},"modified":"2024-06-19T14:31:36","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T11:31:36","slug":"7-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%b3%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%83-%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%b4%cf%85%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%bf-%cf%84%ce%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/7-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%b3%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%83-%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%b4%cf%85%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%bf-%cf%84%ce%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"AKC\u0130\u011eER KANSER\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N 7 R\u0130SK FAKT\u00d6R\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda sigara i\u00e7mek, hava kirlili\u011fi, toksinlere maruz kalmak ve ailede akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yer al\u0131r. Bu risk fakt\u00f6rlerini anlamak, insanlar\u0131n akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Risk fakt\u00f6rleri, ki\u015finin bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k geli\u015ftirme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak kimin hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalan\u0131p yakalanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edemiyorlar. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bu makale akci\u011fer kanseri risk fakt\u00f6rlerini ve bunlar\u0131n etkilerinin nas\u0131l azalt\u0131labilece\u011fini ele almaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra akci\u011fer kanseri semptomlar\u0131na, tan\u0131 ve tedavisine bakar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleri nelerdir?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in ana risk fakt\u00f6rleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sigara i\u00e7mek <\/span><\/li>\n<li>pasif i\u00e7icilik<\/li>\n<li>radon maruziyeti<\/li>\n<li>asbeste maruz kalma<\/li>\n<li>radyoaktif cevherler, arsenik veya dizel dumanlar\u0131 gibi di\u011fer kanserojenlere maruz kalma<\/li>\n<li>hava kirlili\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>ailede akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ki\u015finin aile \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc gibi bu risk fakt\u00f6rlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki d\u00fczeltilemez. Bu, bir ki\u015finin onlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak belirlenmemi\u015f risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ki\u015finin akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma riskini azaltmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Risk fakt\u00f6rlerine sahip olmak ki\u015finin mutlaka akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Benzer \u015fekilde belirgin risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olmayan ki\u015filerin de akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezlerine (CDC) g\u00f6re, sigara duman\u0131 akci\u011fer kanseri vakalar\u0131n\u0131n 80-90%&#039;sine katk\u0131da bulunuyor ve bu da sigaray\u0131 akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in \u00f6nde gelen risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc haline getiriyor. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli akci\u011fer kanserinde (KHAK) bu oran daha y\u00fcksek olabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc hi\u00e7 sigara i\u00e7memi\u015f ki\u015filerde son derece nadir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filerin akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigara i\u00e7meyenlere g\u00f6re 15-30 kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Bir ki\u015fi ne kadar uzun s\u00fcre ve daha s\u0131k sigara i\u00e7erse risk de o kadar artar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pasif i\u00e7icilik<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sigara i\u00e7meyen ancak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n duman\u0131n\u0131 soluyan ki\u015filerde de akci\u011fer kanseri riski y\u00fcksektir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pasif i\u00e7icilik, akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc en yayg\u0131n risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr ve her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.000 akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorumludur.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hava kirlili\u011fi<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hava kirlili\u011fi, insanlar\u0131n soludu\u011fu havaya zararl\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ve gazlar girdi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kentsel ve yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslu b\u00f6lgelerde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Radyasyona maruz kalma<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c7e\u015fitli radyasyona maruz kalma t\u00fcrleri akci\u011fer kanseri riskini art\u0131rabilir. Onlar i\u00e7erir:<\/span> <em><strong>Radona maruz kalma<\/strong><\/em> Radon, sigara i\u00e7meyenlerde akci\u011fer kanserinin \u00f6nde gelen nedenlerinden biridir ve y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 21.000 akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmaktad\u0131r. Radon, a\u00e7\u0131k havada genellikle insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk olu\u015fturmayan bir do\u011fal gazd\u0131r. Ancak kapal\u0131 mekanlarda radon daha y\u00fcksek seviyelerde birikebilir. Kapal\u0131 alanlarda radona uzun s\u00fcre maruz kalmak akci\u011fer kanseri riskini art\u0131rabilir. <em><strong>Radyoterapi<\/strong><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0130nsanlara kanser tedavisi olarak radyasyon tedavisi verilmektedir. Ancak g\u00f6\u011fse uygulanan radyasyon tedavisi akci\u011fer kanseri riskini art\u0131rabilir. Bu, \u00f6rne\u011fin meme kanseri i\u00e7in radyoterapi g\u00f6ren ki\u015fileri etkileyebilir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c7o\u011fu durumda, di\u011fer kanser t\u00fcrlerine sahip ki\u015filer i\u00e7in radyasyon tedavisinin yararlar\u0131 genellikle risklerden daha a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu risk ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Radyasyon terapisi tekniklerinin ve makinelerinin geli\u015fimi, son y\u0131llarda tedaviyi yaln\u0131zca milimetrelik aktiviteye sahip hasara odaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, karsinojenez riskini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>\u00a0<em><strong>Asbeste maruz kalma<\/strong><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asbest, kanserojen oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f, do\u011fal olarak olu\u015fan bir mineraldir. Doktorlar asbestin tehlikelerini anlamadan \u00f6nce insanlar in\u015faat, araba imalat\u0131 ve end\u00fcstriyel tesislerde asbest malzeme olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asbestin solunmas\u0131, hem akci\u011fer kanseri hem de akci\u011ferlerin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini (plevra) etkileyen bir kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc olan malign mezotelyoma riskini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bir ki\u015finin asbeste maruz kalmas\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sigara i\u00e7mesi durumunda risk \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksektir.<\/span> <em><strong>Di\u011fer toksinler<\/strong><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Di\u011fer kanserojenler, onlarla d\u00fczenli temas halinde olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in risk olu\u015fturabilir. Bu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi tehlikeli maddelerin bulundu\u011fu ortamlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fileri etkileyebilir: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">erkek, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">kadmiyum, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">berilyum, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">silikon, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">vinil klor\u00fcr, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nikel bile\u015fikleri, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">krom bile\u015fikleri, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">klorometil eterler<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ki\u015fisel veya ailede akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akci\u011fer kanseri te\u015fhisi konulan ki\u015filerin yak\u0131n aile \u00fcyelerinin akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma riski 50% a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu, t\u00fcm cinsiyetler, \u0131rklar ve etnik k\u00f6kenler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir ve di\u011fer risk fakt\u00f6rlerinden etkilenmez. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayr\u0131ca ge\u00e7mi\u015fte akci\u011fer kanseri ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olan ki\u015filerin tekrar akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Riskinizi nas\u0131l azaltabilirsiniz?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akci\u011fer kanserini \u00f6nlemek her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6nceki radyasyon maruziyeti ve aile \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 risk fakt\u00f6rleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ancak en \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6rlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlenebilir. \u0130nsanlar akci\u011fer kanseri riskini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yollarla azaltabilirler:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 Sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 Pasif i\u00e7icilikten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 Evin kanserojen maddeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kontrol edilmesi.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 \u0130\u015fyerinde kanserojen maddelerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 \u0130\u00e7 mekan hava kalitesinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 Akci\u011fer kanseri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek risk grubundaki ki\u015filer de y\u0131ll\u0131k check-up yapt\u0131rabilirler; art\u0131k Yunanistan&#039;da 50 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc sigara i\u00e7enler i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck doz aksiyal g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs radyasyonu (LDCT) uygulanan ve hatta ilgilenenlerin \u00fccretsiz olarak yararlanabilece\u011fi tarama programlar\u0131 mevcuttur. ki\u015fi kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 beyan edebilir. Bu, kanser belirtilerinin erken tespit edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve bu da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 tedavi \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span> \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akci\u011fer kanseri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda sigara i\u00e7mek, hava kirlili\u011fi, toksinlere maruz kalmak ve ailede akci\u011fer kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yer al\u0131r. Bu risk fakt\u00f6rlerini anlamak, insanlar\u0131n akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Risk fakt\u00f6rleri bir ki\u015finin geli\u015fme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[210],"tags":[402,280,237,273,410,411,277,405,403],"class_list":["post-8342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-210","tag-thoraxgr","tag-280","tag-237","tag-273","tag-410","tag-411","tag-277","tag-405","tag-403"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8342"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8343,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8342\/revisions\/8343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorax.gr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}